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目的:量化分析分布式光伏接入对110 kV变压器中性点过电压特性的影响，并评估现有保护间隙与金属氧化物避雷器(metal oxide arrester, MOA)协同保护策略的适应性。方法:基于电磁暂态程序(alternative transients program-electromagnetic transients program, ATP-EMTP)仿真平台建立含分布式光伏的110 kV输电系统模型，对典型故障工况下变压器中性点的过电压响应进行仿真与分析。结果:分布式光伏接入后，变压器中性点过电压的分布特性发生明显变化。在单相接地故障中，光伏的持续馈电会将中性点电压由41.8 kV抬升至43.6～72 kV的保护间隙放电临界区，显著增加间隙误动的风险；在两相断线故障中，光伏的接入虽可降低中性点过电压幅值，但会使电压由72.02 kV下降并进入临界区，导致保护间隙动作的可靠性下降，增加绝缘配合失效的风险。结论:传统保护判据已难以适应光伏接入后中性点过电压的新特征。本文提出的基于幅值-时间双重判据的可控间隙保护策略，可有效避免临界区内的误动与拒动问题。
Abstract：Aims: This paper aims to quantify the impact of distributed photovoltaic(PV)integration on the neutral-point overvoltage of 110 kV ungrounded transformers and to assess the adaptability of the coordinated protection scheme composed of a protective gap and a metal oxide arrester(MOA). Methods: A 110 kV transmission system model with distributed PV was established in the alternative transients program-electromagnetic transients program(ATP-EMTP); and the neutral-point overvoltage responses under typical fault conditions were simulated and analyzed. Results: Distributed PV integration significantly changed the distribution characteristics of neutral-point overvoltage. Under single-phase-to-ground faults, sustained current feeding from PV raised the neutral-point voltage from 41.8 kV to the critical gap discharge range of 43.6～72 kV, markedly increasing the risk of gap maloperation. Under two-phase disconnection faults, PV suppressed the overvoltage amplitude. But the voltage dropped from 72.02 kV into the same critical range, reducing the reliability of gap operation and increasing the risk of insulation coordination failure. Under lightning faults, PV integration had little influence on the transient neutral-point overvoltage. Conclusions: The conventional fixed-gap protection scheme is no longer fully suitable for the more complex voltage behavior introduced by PV integration. The proposed controllable gap strategy based on amplitude-time dual criteria can effectively avoid maloperation and failure-to-operate risks in the critical range.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TM615;TM40
引用信息:
[1]韦沅利,王颖,彭永康,等.分布式光伏接入对变压器中性点过电压特性的影响研究[J].中国计量大学学报,2026,37(01):71-81.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(No.52377017); 国网浙江省电力有限公司科技项目(No.B311TZ25Z001)
2026-03-15
2026-03-15